Recep Tayyip Erdogan Biography
Turkian Political, leader of the Justice and Development Party and Islamist moderate. Recep Tayyip Erdogan was born on February 26, 1954 in Rize, Black Sea riverside town. When the family moved to Istanbul in 1967, he pursued his secondary studies at a religious school, where he excelled in his precocity oratory, his taste for poetry and passion for football, which earned him the nickname Beckenbauer.
Pious Muslim family tradition, in 1973 he completed his training at a school for imams, and then studied economics and commerce at the University of Istanbul, for which he received his diploma. In the classroom he befriended Necmettin Erbakan and began military in the youth of the National Salvation Party (MSP), an Islamist and right-wing orientation, which advocated economic liberalism, alienation from Europe and compulsory Islamic dress for women .
In the shadow of Erbakan
After the military coup of September 1980, which radicalized the military loyalty to the secular legacy of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the MSP was declared outside the law, as well as other political parties, and Erdogan he lost his first job as a civil servant the municipal transport in Istanbul, allegedly for not obeying the instructions of the military and defy the ban mustache.
It mitigate the dictatorial rigor, it was one of the first members of the Welfare Party (Refah Partisi, RP), created in 1983 by Erbakan as the continuation of the MSP. In 1985 he was elected head of the RP in the province of Istanbul, and in 1986 joined the Central Executive Committee. Candidate in the legislative elections of October 1991, failed the act of deputy. But his political career received a major boost on March 27, 1994, when he was elected mayor of Istanbul by universal suffrage, although its list, the most voted, received only 25% of the vote.
His leadership of the City of Istanbul afforded him great popularity and became a national political figure of projection. He improved all urban infrastructures and cleaning, practiced charity in the poorest neighborhoods, as demanded Islamic preaching, and fought endemic corruption among officials. Lay and commercial sectors rejected his decision to ban drinking in cafes and accused of driving away tourism.
During his tenure as mayor, which overlaps with Erbakan as prime minister (1996-1997), the flammable eluded controversy over Islamic dress of women claiming that his wife would not attend official events not contravene the legislation still in force prohibiting women entering the offices of the administration or in schools with the headscarf.
Prisoner of conscience
Secular institutions, especially the army and the judiciary, led to his political disgrace to denounce and process to name an election rally in a religious poem belongs to the following verse: "The mosques are our barracks, the domes our helmets, the minarets our bayonets and the faithful our soldiers. "
The special security court in Diyarbakir sentenced to ten months in prison, a heavy fine and perpetual disqualification from holding public office, on 21 April 1998. The sentence was upheld on appeal by a court in Ankara, which reduced the sentence 120 days in jail. necessarily he ceased as mayor of Istanbul on March 26, 1999 and entered the prison Pinarhisar. While in prison, he was considered a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International. It was released on July 24, 1999.
After the constitutional ban on RP, accused of not respecting the secularism in December 1997 was replaced by the Virtue Party (Fazilet Partisi, FP). Erbakan continued to lead the Islamist movement, but it began to forge a schism after his defeat in the general elections of April 1999, where it fell from 21% to 15% of the vote. By a judgment of 22 June 2001, the Constitutional Court ordered the dissolution of the FP, the confiscation of their property and the expulsion of two of its parliament 102 deputies also were excluded from political activity for five years.
Given the adverse constitutional jurisprudence and the rigidity of the military, the Islamist leadership was divided between traditional, faithful to Erbakan, and called modernists, coalesced around the younger Abdullah Gul and Erdogan, who decided to create a conservative party without connotation religious, also he accepted the challenge of joining the European Union. The new organization, the Justice and Development Party (AKP), which dragged 52 of the 100 deputies Islamists, was incorporated on August 14, 2001.
However, the Electoral Board, having considered the candidacy of Erdogan, declared that he could not stand for election because he was still in force disabling 1998. Erdogan sought protection before the European Court of Human Rights of the Council of Europe, but the Turkish prosecution maintained anathema. In the general elections on November 3, 2002, the AKP won an unexpected and spectacular success, with more than 10 million votes (34.3% of the vote) and an absolute majority in the National Assembly, with 362 550 seats, thanks to a scrutiny that harms minority parties.
First Minister
Given the overwhelming electoral verdict, the president of the republic he was forced to appoint Prime Minister Abdullah Gul, Erdogan's deputy, who presented a moderate program and a government that did not feature any suspicious personality of radical Islamism. The leader of the AKP acted as ambassador of the new government wheel, and on November 13 launched an international tour that took him to almost every European capital and culminated in Washington.
Meanwhile, the government tried to remove constitutional obstacles that had prevented his election as deputy prime minister. In December, the National Assembly passed twice, to overcome the obstruction of the president of the republic, a constitutional amendment that removed the clause prohibiting public office to which they had been convicted of a crime.
Restored his political rights, March 9, 2003 the leader of the AKP won the deputy act. Two days later, Gul resigned as prime minister and the president of the republic Erdogan instructed the formation of the new government. In presenting his program, he insisted he had not "a secret religious agenda," he said joining the European Union as the top priority and called for decisive reforms to meet the criteria required by Brussels.
Erdogan defended military cooperation with Washington and immediately sought to improve relations, damaged by the decision of the Parliament (March 1st) not to allow passage of US troops to be deployed in northern Iraq. On March 20, a few hours after the outbreak of war in Iraq, the National Assembly overwhelmingly passed a resolution allowing to fly over Turkish territory by US planes in combat missions or troop transport.
Extracted from biografiasyvidas
for educational
EmoticonEmoticon