Ernesto Che Guevara
So given their lives in the struggle against imperialism and dictatorship, Che Guevara became the maximum revolutionary myth of the twentieth century. It
was immediately an icon of the youth of the may 68, and his figure has
been as a timeless symbol of ideals of freedom and justice that, like
the heroes of yesteryear, judged more valuable than life itself. Still in our days is displayed often in confrontational actions, that his profile based on the famous Alberto Korda photograph.
Biography
Ernesto Che Guevara was born in a wealthy family from Argentina, where he studied medicine. His left-wing militancy led him to participate in opposition to PerĂłn; Since
1953 he traveled for Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela and Guatemala,
discovering poverty dominant among the masses of Latin America and the
omnipresence of American imperialism in the region, and participating in
multiple movements protestors, experiences that definitely leaned you
to Marxist ideology.
In 1955 Ernesto Che Guevara met in Mexico to Fidel Castro and his brother Raul, who prepared a revolutionary expedition to Cuba. Guevara befriended the Castro, joined the group as a physician and landed with them in Cuba in 1956. Installed
the guerrillas in Sierra Maestra, Guevara became Castro's lieutenant
and commanded one of the two columns that emerged from the eastern
mountains to the West to conquer the island. He
participated in the decisive battle for the taking of Santa Clara (1958)
and finally entered Havana in 1959, putting an end to the dictatorship
of Fulgencio Batista.
Che with Fidel Castro
The triumph of the revolution,
carried out with few means, was facilitated by the untenable situation
of the country in those years. Despite recording the highest per capita income in Latin America, wealth was concentrated in the few hands; This very strong social imbalance was repeated in the marked contrasts between the countryside and the city. At
the political level, corruption, patronage mechanisms and the
ineffectiveness had pointed to the absolute limits under the despotic
and authoritarian regime of Fulgencio Batista; his Government managed to match against the most disparate sectors of opinion and interest. Cuban
economy extremely dependent upon the presence of the United States,
was based on tourism in urban areas and Agriculture of capitalist
character which a large farm, determining proletariat had generated in
the revolutionary process.
From the revolution to the policy
The new revolutionary regime granted Guevara Cuban nationality and
appointed him Chief of the militia and director of the Institute of
agrarian reform (1959), then President of the National Bank and economy
Minister (1960), and, finally, Minister for industry (1961). In those years, Guevara represented Cuba in various international fora, which frontally denounced American imperialism. On a trip around the world met with Nasser, Nehru and Sukarno and Tito (1959); on another trip met various Soviet leaders and the Chinese Chu En-Lai and MaoTse-Tung.
In the task of building in Cuba of a new society, and especially in the field of Economics, Che Guevara was one of the most tireless contributors of Fidel Castro. In
the economic debate that took place at the beginning of the new
regime, he opted for an original, creative and not bureaucratic or
institutional interpretation of Marxist principles. Looking
for a way to the real independence of Cuba, strove for the
industrialization of the country, linking to the help of the Soviet
Union, once failed the attempted invasion of the island by the United
States and clarified the Socialist character of the Cuban Revolution
(1961).
Concern of professional revolutionary,
however, made him leave Cuba in secret in 1965 and March to the Congo,
where they fought in support of the revolutionary movement in March,
convinced that only the armed insurrectional action was effective
against imperialism.
In Bolivia
Relieved of their positions in the Cuban State, Che
Guevara returned to Latin America in 1966 to launch a revolution who
hoped that it would be of continental scope: assessing the strategic
position of Bolivia, chose that country as a center of operations for
installing a guerrilla that could radiate its influence to Argentina,
Chile, Peru, Brazil and Paraguay. In front of a
small group tried to put into practice their theory, according to which
was not necessary to wait for the social conditions to produce a
popular uprising, but that could be the very armed action which will
create conditions that will trigger a revolutionary movement; such ideas were collected in his book guerrilla warfare (1960).
However, his action not caught in the Bolivian masses. From
the very beginning his group, known as the National Liberation Army
and composed of Cuban veterans of Sierra Maestra and some Bolivian
Communists, met with the lack of support from the peasants, non
full-motion. Without any popular support, the
rural world, and without support in big cities by the rejection of the
Communist political organizations the possibilities of success dwindled
drastically.
Isolated
in a jungle region where suffered the exacerbation of her asthmatic
condition, Ernesto Guevara was betrayed by local peasants and fell into
an ambush by the Bolivian army in the region of Valle Grande, where he
was wounded and captured on October 8, 1967. Given that Che had
become a symbol for young people around the world, the Bolivian
military, advised by the CIA, wanted to destroy the revolutionary myth,
killing him then expose his corpse, photographed with him and bury him
in secret. In 1997 the remains of Che Guevara were located, exhumed and moved to Cuba, where they were buried with full honors by the regime of Fidel Castro.
The image of Ernesto Che
Guevara remains incomplete if not are considered, along with the
revolutionary, its facets ideologue and theoretician of the guerrillas,
the armed fight in small groups as the only way revolutionary of
possible political activity in underdeveloped countries. Their ideas are exposed in texts such as the famous message to the Tricontinental (1967) and the aforementioned book guerrilla warfare (1960).
Although he wrote a lot, most of his work remains unpublished. They integrate the manuscripts, letters, speeches, proclamations, and above all, articles published in Green olive, the organ of the Cuban armed forces, in which Che held the rank of Commander. The most remembered are those in which evokes the Cuban Revolution (1959,a revolution that beginsand following) and the economic policy (against the bureaucracy, 1963 and following). Journal
that Ernesto Guevara had been writing all his life, was published
posthumously the part relating to the Bolivian guerrilla: Diary of Che in Bolivia (1968).
This latest book, which chronicles his fight guerrilla in Bolivia
until immediately prior to his capture, is the most impressive
testimony of his personality. Che describes the daily life of the guerrillas inside, in its daily appearance; the
thousand practical difficulties, weaknesses, errors and disputes
between companions and his precarious state of health give rise to a
nothing idealized picture. But it is above all
almost distanced from this newspaper style, even in the most difficult
moments, which reveals the human side of Che in the last period
of his life: in his mood reigned a great calm and deep serenity, due to
the intimate conviction of the just enough of their ideals and
reasoned acceptance of the risk of dying in the fight.
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